Prolonged sun exposure combined with other multi-factorial cues can transform skin’s melanocytes into melanoma cells characterized by uncontrolled proliferation. If not r...

When cancer cells metastasize to the brain, the diagnosis becomes terminal. In melanoma brain metastasis, patients are only given months to live. There is an urgent need to...

A major reason that T cell-based melanoma immunotherapies can fail, either initially or after a period of treatment, is due to mutations that result in CD8+ T cells being i...

Metastatic melanoma is one of the most aggressive, and complex cancers with a 35% 5-year survival rate. Therapies using T cells that are genetically engineered to express t...

For decades, cancer initiation and progression are thought to occur gradually through small mutational changes in its DNA. After natural selection, winning variants that ha...

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Although progress has been made for advanced melanoma patients with 13 new FDA-approved therapies since 2011, resistanc...

The translation initiation complex (or TIC) is one of the last unexplored targets in cancer therapy or melanoma. Protein production is tightly controlled by a complex of fo...

Many cancer immunotherapy patients fail to respond or progress after initially experiencing tumor regression. More than 25% of melanomas carry activating mutations in the d...

Both helper CD4 T cells and killer CD8 T cells are known to be involved in immune responses to cancer. Helper CD4 T cells assist immune responses to cancer by enhancing the...

The overall survival of a subset of patients with melanoma drastically improved with a type of treatment called immunotherapy, which activates the body’s immune system to...